This module explores one of the most high-stakes and complex arenas in intellectual property today: standard essential patents (SEPs). We’ll begin with an overview of U.S. patent law and the unique licensing obligations SEP owners take on when their technology becomes part of an industry standard. Then we’ll dive deep into the landmark dispute between Microsoft and Motorola, a case that fundamentally reshaped how both courts and companies approach global patent licensing. Along the way, we’ll examine hotly debated topics like fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms, injunctions, and international rate-setting. With digital technologies growing more interconnected every day, this case study serves as a powerful lens through which to understand the legal, economic, and geopolitical pressures shaping innovation today.

In this module, we explore how copyright law protects creative expression and how the boundaries of that protection are tested by artists, technologists, and courts alike. You will learn how copyright applies to music, including the dual rights in compositions and sound recordings, and why high-profile disputes involving Taylor Swift, Rick Astley, Pharrell Williams, and Ed Sheeran have captured public attention and sparked legal debate. We will examine how fair use functions as a defense to infringement, with a focus on landmark music and visual art cases, including the Supreme Court's ruling in Warhol v. Goldsmith. Finally, we will consider how copyright is evolving in response to new technologies like AI, and how these tensions reflect the broader challenge of balancing artistic protection with the freedom to build upon the past.

In this final module, we turn to trade secrets, the often overlooked but increasingly essential tool in the intellectual property toolkit. You will learn how trade secrets protect valuable commercial information, from proprietary algorithms to customer data, and how the law has evolved to recognize and enforce those protections. Through the story of a high-profile theft involving Google and Uber, we will examine how misappropriation occurs and what companies can do to prevent it. We will then explore the role of contracts, especially noncompete agreements, in trade secret protection and the ongoing legal battle surrounding their enforceability. As regulatory and technological landscapes shift, this module will help you understand how companies can safeguard confidential information while respecting individual rights and fostering innovation.